Cusco is the cradle of countless natural and cultural tourist attractions. So, one of the natural attractions that has gained immense popularity in recent years is Rainbow Mountain, which also has made itself the second most visited attraction in Peru after Machu Picchu.
This geological marvel has captured global attention due to its fascinating multicolored appearance, contrasting strikingly with the surrounding Peruvian Andes.
In this comprehensive guide with Inkayni Peru Tours, we will take you on a virtual journey through the trails traversing this geological gem, providing all the information you need to plan your next adventure. From practical tips to fascinating facts you may not know about this new wonder, we’ve got them covered.
Are you ready for this exciting journey to the Rainbow Mountain? Keep reading and discover one of the natural treasures hidden at the Nevado Ausangate.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT RAINBOW MOUNTAIN
What is Rainbow Mountain?
Rainbow Mountain, also known as Vinicunca, the Rainbow Mountain, the Colored Mountain, or the Montaña 7 colores, is a geological formation in the Cusco region of Peru. The Rainbow Mountain stands out for its colors on its slopes, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, and sometimes white.
Each layer has its own unique characteristics, such as temperature, mineral composition, and color. This peculiar natural artwork belongs to the area of Nevado Ausangate, in the Vilcanota mountain range.
Landscapes and colors at Rainbow Mountain’s viewpoint
The Incas attributed a masculine character to Vinicunca, believing that its foundations emitted the masculine energy to fertilize Mother Earth, known as Pachamama. This belief reflected the surrounding environment: turquoise lakes, diverse fauna, and dazzling snow-capped peaks create a dreamlike landscape.
Where is Rainbow Mountain Peru?
Rainbow Mountain, or Vinicunca, is a natural treasure from Canchis, Cusco, Peru. It lies between the communities of Pampachiri and Chilihuani, to the south of Cusco and north of the province of Canchis.
This beautiful mountain stands more than 100 kilometers from the city of Cusco, at the Vinicunca summit. The summit reaches an altitude of 5,200 meters (17,060 feet).
The viewpoints range between 5,020 meters (16,470 feet) and 5,036 meters (16,522 feet). From these viewpoints, you can fully observe the Nevado Ausangate, the highest mountain in Cusco.
Satellite map of Rainbow Mountain
Why is it called Rainbow Mountain?
The real name of the Rainbow Mountain is Vinicunca, derived from the Quechua word Winicunca, which means narrow neck.
The Montaña 7 Colores, or Rainbow Mountain, formed over millions of years of geological movements. Minerals and soil mixed long ago and created those vibrant and fascinating colors.
For centuries, snow and ice kept the Rainbow Mountain hidden. Around 2015, the snow and ice melted, likely due to global climate change, revealing the stunning colors we see today.
The variety of colors on Vinicunca is due to mineral erosion. So, below is a description of the colors you will see:
- Pink: Red clay, mudstones (mud), and sandstones.
- Whitish: Quartz sandstones and marls rich in calcium carbonate.
- Red: Claystones (iron) and clays from the upper Tertiary period.
- Green: Phyllites and clays rich in ferromagnesian minerals.
- Brown: Conglomerates with magnesium rock from the Quaternary period.
- Mustard Yellow: Sandstones rich in sulfide minerals.
How Difficulty is Rainbow Mountain Hike?
The main challenge is the high altitude, starting at 4,626 m / 15,177 ft ASL and reaching over 5,046 m / 16,555 ft ASL. Many hikers struggle and end up renting a horse; some cannot complete the hike. Weather is another important factor, so if you are not a regular hiker, the dry season is the best to avoid muddy and slippery conditions.
Brief history of Rainbow Mountain
- In the 15th century, under the reign of Inca Viracocha, the area where Rainbow Mountain lies was territory of the Canchis pre-Inca culture, which Incas took over into the expanding Tahuantinsuyo empire. The Incas established controlled communities called “ayllus” to manage agricultural production and military expansion. Machu Pitumarka, an ancient settlement near Rainbow Mountain, became an important administrative center for this policy southwards from the capital of the Tawantinsuyo, Cusco.
- After the conquering and independence, this area was occupied by local settlers, forming the present-day towns of Cusipata and Pitumarca by the 20th century, after the Peruvian government built connection roads.
- Currently, tourists can admire the astonishing landscape created by minerals generating its vibrant colors. Its natural beauty hides a history linked to the Andean empire.
How was Rainbow Mountain Formed?
The fascinating Vinicunca, also known as the “Mountain of Seven Colors” or “Rainbow Mountain,” features its multicolored appearance due to various sediments deposited over millions of years.
Approximately 65 million years ago, between the Tertiary and Quaternary periods, this region of the Peruvian Andes was covered by marine, lake, and glacial waters carrying all types of sediments. Over long geological periods, these waters accumulated layers of materials such as clays, silts, gravels, sands, salts, and minerals in the seabed, lake shores, and riverbeds.
Over time, these marine, lake, and river sediments consolidated into sedimentary rocks, containing compounds that gave them colors ranging from red to green, with yellows, oranges, and purples in between. Tectonic movements and erosion sculpted these rocks, exposing the vivid colors on the surface.
Thus, the action of water, wind, and temperature changes over millions of years created the majestic multicolored landscape we now admire at Rainbow Mountain. It is a true masterpiece of Andean nature.
When did People Discover Rainbow Mountain Peru?
No one knows accurately. However, local villagers who graze their herds on mountains were the discovers. Later, between 2015 and 2016 the first people released many photos that attracted explorers and tourists worldwide. Its famous striped, vibrant colors in sunlight are largely due to weathering and mineral deposits.
The vibrant view of the colors varies depending on the time of day and season, giving the mountain a constantly changing appearance.
In August 2017, Peru’s Rainbow Mountain was listed among Business Insider’s 100 Places to Visit Before You Die blog.
Are the Rainbow Mountains in Peru Real?
Yes, all Rainbow Mountains in Peru are real, but keep your expectations realistic without believing everything you see online or in travel brochures. If the weather is favorable, the colors of Rainbow Mountain are impressive, but they might not be as bright as in edited photos.
To avoid disappointment, remember that reality may differ from perfect images. The most important thing is to enjoy the experience with realistic expectations.
Rainbow Mountain and the Red Valley at the background
RAINBOW MOUNTAIN ALTITUDE
What is the altitude of Rainbow Mountain?
The summit of Vinicunca is roughly 5,200 m / 17,060 ft ASL. The highest point you can reach is the Winikunka viewpoint at 5,036 m / 16,522 ft ASL, significantly higher than the highest point of the Classic Inca Trail, which is the Dead Woman’s Pass at 4,215 m / 13,828 ft ASL.
Altitude can be problematic if your body has little or no experience with such hikes at that altitude. Please don’t underestimate the altitude and its potential effects.
The viewpoint of Rainbow Mountain
If you just arrived in Peru or traveled directly from Lima to Cusco, your body needs time to acclimate to these conditions (lack of oxygen). We recommend acclimating for at least two days in Cusco, which sits at 3,399 m / 10,954 ft ASL.
Acclimatization will help your body adjust, making the colorful hike more enjoyable.
Here are some tips to consider:
- Take time to acclimate to the altitude for one or two days before hiking to Rainbow Mountain.
- Consult Your Doctor about any recommended medications that can aid in high-altitude acclimatization.
- Drink coca tea, a natural remedy used by locals for altitude sickness.
- Avoid heavy meals, alcoholic beverages, and smoking.
- Stay well-hydrated.
For more on how to handle altitude sickness, check out our blog.
What is altitude sickness, what are the symptoms?
Dear traveler, if you plan the trip of a lifetime to Rainbow Mountain, be aware that the most common discomfort is altitude sickness. Altitude sickness is a lack of oxygen in the body at high altitudes.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptoms are:
- Headache.
- Dizziness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Severe cases: difficulty breathing.
Recommendations to Avoid Altitude Sickness
Having a trouble-free trip allows you to enjoy more and create great memories. Here are some tips to avoid the most feared obstacle for travelers worldwide:
- General Recommendations:
Avoid alcohol and taking drugs the day before your visit to improve physical performance during the hike. Also, it is important to avoid rushing breakfast to ensure proper digestion, preventing discomfort once you start hiking.
Stay hydrated and take breaks every 10 minutes. Avoid carrying perishable or heavy foods to prevent inconvenience during the hike. We recommend bringing nutritious, easy-to-digest foods, such as cereals, chocolate, nuts, or fruits to maintain glucose levels.
- Hike at a Constant Pace:
The best way to avoid altitude sickness is to walk at a slow, steady pace, allowing your body to adapt to the altitude and climate of the route.
How to avoid altitude sickness
BEST TIME TO VISIT RAINBOW MOUNTAIN PERU
When is the Best Time to Visit Rainbow Mountain Peru?
The best time to hike Rainbow Mountain is during Cusco’s dry season, which runs from April to November. The highest tourism months are June, July, and August. We recommend visiting between April and May or September and November to avoid crowds and enjoy better weather.
During the rainy season, from December to March, the trail can be muddy and visibility is often poor, making the hike more challenging, less rewarding, and even more dangerous. However, there are less crowds along the rainy season.
Best Time of Day for the Rainbow Mountain Hike
Avoid hiking at midday. Start between 7 and 9 AM or after 2 PM to avoid crowds, heat, and enjoy the most of your hike. For an early start, you must leave Cusco between 3 and 4 AM, a sacrifice that will be worth it.
HIKING AND ACCESSIBILITY TO RAINBOW MOUNTAIN
Can you reach Rainbow Mountain without hiking?
No, because the impressive scenery of the valley and mountains is best enjoyed on foot and road cannot reach the mountain due to preservation. The hike is not rewarding just for Rainbow Mountain, but for the entire area, which features snow-capped peaks and breathtaking views of Ausangate. Using ATVs on the Pitumarca route makes very easy the hike up to Rainbow Mountain.
During the hike, you’ll often see stone piles called apachetas, which are sacred stone monuments left and built by travelers seeking health, tranquility, and protection from the Apus (mountain spirits).
How far away is Rainbow Mountain from Cusco?
Rainbow Mountain, or Montaña 7 Colores, is approximately 82 kilometers (51 miles) from Cusco’s downtown. While the distance might not seem long, it takes about three hours by car to reach the trailhead.
Also, remember that the road trip to Rainbow Mountain can be longer due to road conditions and altitude.
How to Get from Cusco to Rainbow Mountain
There are two main routes: Pitumarca and Cusipata.
Pitumarca Route
From Cusco, take public transport from Huayruropata (near the Coliseo Cerrado) to Checacupe. The fare is economical. Along the way, you’ll pass through Andahuaylillas and Quiquijana before reaching Checacupe. From there, you’ll take a detour towards Rainbow Mountain.
ATV tours are a suitable option if you prefer a more comfortable, speed and adrenaline experience. These tours cost around $100, depending on which company you choose. You’ll ride the ATV to the first viewpoint of Rainbow Mountain, then hike approximately 200 meters to the second viewpoint, Winikunka, where you’ll enjoy stunning views of the colorful mountain, the Red Valley, and Vilcanota mountain range snow-capped peaks.
Cusipata Route
This route has become the most popular route recently. From Cusco, travel to Cusipata, then continue to Phuluwasipata, the trailhead. This route starts at 3,399 m.a.s.l. and reaches its highest altitude that you can reach by car at 4,600 m.a.s.l. at Phuluwasipata.
Hiking Time via Cusipata
From the bus parking area at Phuluwasipata, you’ll hike about 3 km, taking approximately 1.5 to 2 hours to reach the Winikunka viewpoint (5,036 meters), from where you can observe the Rainbow Mountain to the fullest.
Which Route is Better?
If you value time, the Cusipata route is quicker. If you’re seeking adventure and scenic attractions, the Pitumarca route with ATVs might be better.
| DETAILS | CUSIPATA ROUTE | PITUMARCA ROUTE |
| Starts | 4 a.m | 5 a.m |
| Ends | 6 p.m | 6 p.m |
| Hiking distance | 6 km | 2 km |
| Altitude | 5,036 m / 16,522 ft | 5,036 m / 16,522 ft |
| Horse renting | Yes (optional) | No (ATV optional) |
| Suitable | to everyone | to everyone |
Distance from Lima to Rainbow Mountain
Rainbow Mountain, or Montaña 7 Colores, is approximately 1,100 km (683 miles) from Lima. Standing in the Cusco, about a 1,151 km drive from Lima, the capital of Peru.
COST AND FACILITIES AT RAINBOW MOUNTAIN
Entry Fees and Places to Buy Tickets
If you take the Cusipata route, you must pay for your entrance tickets at Cusipata and Chilluhuani. However, if you take the Pitumarca route, you must pay for your entry tickets after leaving behind the town of Pitumarca. To generate more income, locals and villagers have determined the prices:
- Foreign Tourists: 25 soles (about USD 6)
- Peruvian Tourists: 15 soles (about USD 4)
Can you hike Rainbow Mountain without a guide?
While it’s possible, we do not recommend it. Most hikers opt for a tour agency due to unreliable public transport and complementary services. Hiring a car is more expensive and adventuring out without a guide could be dangerous due to altitude and topography. A professional guide provides you with safety, their knowledge and they can respond after any emergencies.
Is it possible to rent horses at Rainbow Mountain?
If you’re worried about the hiking experience or believing you won’t be able to attempt it, you can rent a horse for about USD 18. Horses are available at the trailhead and along the trail, but you need compulsory to hike the final stretch.
Is Rainbow Mountain Open Year-Round?
Rainbow Mountain is generally open year-round, as long as the weather permits. During pourings and really bad weather like frozen temperatures and snow storms, local companies cancel their tours to that mountain in order to safeguard the tourists’ health and wellness.
Are There Bathrooms at Rainbow Mountain?
Basic toilet facilities are the only option at some points of the trail. Some communities have built those and they manage and charge the ticket if you want to use it. The cost is around USD 0.30.
Restrictions for the Rainbow Mountain Tour
- Children under 8 years old cannot hike to Rainbow Mountain.
- Minors can hike under the supervision of their parents.
REASONS TO VISIT RAINBOW MOUNTAIN
Why should I visit Rainbow Mountain?
There are many reasons to visit this colorful mountain:
- Traditional Villages: Nearby Andean villages preserve Quechua culture, language, and traditions, offering a closer connection to local communities.
- Improving Wellness: Nature helps reduce the stress and anxiety that cities and workplaces charge on you, improving overall well-being. The fresh mountain air is rejuvenating and medicine.
- Overcoming Challenges: Hiking, though not extremely difficult, is a physical challenge that tests your endurance and mental determination.
- Nature Interaction: Experience the vibrant geology and the flora and fauna of the Peruvian Andes up close.
- Environmental Awareness: Understanding this landscape fosters a greater appreciation for environmental conservation.
- Unforgettable Experiences: The stunning views, culture, and emotions create lasting memories that are portrayed in photos.
- Teamwork: Hiking together strengthens bonds with loved ones, friends, or fellow travelers.
ALTERNATIVE TOURS TO RAINBOW MOUNTAIN
Inkayni Peru Tours offers many options for experiencing Rainbow Mountain:
Rainbow Mountain & Red Valley Tour (Vinicunca Trek – Ausangate):
A comprehensive tour that includes Rainbow Mountain, the Red Valley, and Ausangate snow-capped peaks.
Landscapes near Rainbow Mountain by taking the Pitumarca route
RAINBOW MOUNTAIN / VINICUNCA HIKE – GROUP SERVICE
Share the adventure with fellow travelers, creating lasting bonds and enriching your experience with diverse stories and perspectives.
| GROUP SERVICE FULL DAY | |
| DEPARTING TIME | 3:45 a 4:15 am. INKAYNI PERÚ TOURS will pick you up at your hotel and then head to Cusipata. This ride lasts about 2 hours.
What to see? Landscapes with lush flora, faunas intermountain valleys, and agricultural villages. |
| BREAKFAST | Once you reach Cusipata you will eat your breakfast before continue on to the trailhead of Rainbow Mountain.
What to see? First view of snow-capped mountains and the Nevado Ausangate. Mammals: Alpacas and llamas. Local people doing their daily activities. |
| ASCENT | Once you reach the trailhead in Phuluwasipata, you should continue on foot by following the main path that leads people directly to Raimbow Mountain’s bottom. Thos hike lasts between 1 to 2 hours.
What to see? Geological formations in all its splendor and then witness their unusual colors. |
| SNACK
– RAINBOW MOUNTAIN |
Once you reach the viewpoint, you will have 30 minutes to take pictures, to observ, to get involve by Rainbow Mountain and to eat your snack before start descending until the garage or trailhead. |
| DESCENT | The descent is much quicker than the ascent. This time it will take you no more than 45 minutes until Phuluwasipata. |
| LUNCH | Take the car and head to Cusipata for about 40 minutes.
WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE? TO EAT A HEARTY LUNCH |
| EXTRA | If you realize what is happening along the route, you will observ and learn more about our culture. |
| RETURN TO CUSCO | Come back to Cusco after finishing and digest the lunch.
Finally, INKAYNI PERU TOURS will drop you off at your hotel or near the main square. |
RAINBOW MOUNTAIN AND RED VALLEY HIKE IN PRIVATE SERVICE
willing exclusivity and a personalized experience? Then, look for a private tour. This option provides comfort, privacy, flexibility, and customization.
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ITINERARIO FULL DAY CAMINATA A LA MONTAÑA DE COLORES Y VALLE ROJO – SERVICIO PRIVADO
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| FULL DAY | Pick up time | Breakfast | Lunch | Places |
| 04:30 am | Breakfast in Chillihuani at about 07:30 am | Breakfast in Chillihuani at about 13: 00 pm. | Cusco- Cusipata- Rainbow Mounta- Red Valley | |
PREPARATION AND PACKING
What Does the Tour Include?
- If you choose our agency, we offer:
- Professional bilingual guide.
- Assistant guide for groups of 10+.
- Pickup and transport from any Cusco hotel.
- All transportation.
- 1 breakfast and 1 freshly prepared hot lunch (please inform us of any dietary preferences in advance).
- Trekking poles.
- Taxes.
- Oxygen bottle.
- First aid kit.
- Rainbow Mountain entrance ticket.
Note: No matter if you take a tour or go on your own, the main idea is to get to Cusipata and Phuluwasipata before start hiking on the trailhead.
What to Bring to Rainbow Mountain?
To enjoy your hike, bring:
- Personal documents.
- Water.
- Trekking shoes, lightweight clothing (shirts, pants, hat, gloves), and rain jackets.
- Backpack (with essentials like sunscreen, toliletries, medications, spare batteries, etc.)
- Camera or camcorder to capture the journey.
- Coca leaves to alleviate altitude sickness.
Ready for the Adventure? Now that you have all the details and tips, it’s time to embark on this adventure and explore Peru’s most Instagrammable mountain. Choose Inkayni Peru Tours as your best travel companion. Equip yourself, get your camera ready, and delve into the majestic Peruvian Andes with their vibrant palette of colors. There’s no better time to explore this natural wonder!
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